Marine Stings

There are a number of common marine fauna which can cause injury to humans:

STING RAYS - This injury involves a puncture wound from the spiny barb which is located on the sting ray's tail. Beach goers, fishermen, and others usually fall victim to this injury by stepping on a sting ray. The sting ray's natural posture is to "whip up" its tail, driving the barb into the lower leg, ankle, or foot before breaking off. An intense burning pain ensues. The possibility of a retained portion of the barb within the wound exists. TREATMENT with HOT water soaks, as soon, and as often as possible, will help destroy the venom, thus alleviating the pain. If a portion of the barb is visible, do not attempt to remove it since it will likely break off at the skin, resulting in a more difficult retrieval for the Emergency Physician. Suspicion of a retained barb (within the wound) will require x-rays. Tetanus status must be up to date, and preventative antibiotics may be indicated in some cases (e.g. deep foot punctures, retained barb, or diabetic patients). Close attention for any SIGNS OF INFECTION is advised. Increased swelling, redness, pain, fever, or discharge from the wound are the most common indicators of bacterial infection.

The above TREATMENT will also be effective for:

* CATFISH

* VENOMOUS SHARK FIN STINGS

* SCORPION FISH

* CROWN OF THORNS

* SURGEONFISH STINGS

* CONE SHELL STINGS

* STONEFISH STINGS

* STARFISH STINGS

* SOME SEA URCHIN STINGS

* JELLYFISH - Management of this type injury varies from those mentioned above.

TREATMENT in these cases consists of removing the tentacles with forceps or pliers (they can penetrate a gloved hand). Application of household vinegar or alcohol to the site to remove any cysts of venom, followed by HOT diluted AMMONIA soaks (1 part ammonia to 2 parts water) for up to 1 hour, will reduce pain. Gentle cleansing of any areas of irritation and the application of an antibiotic ointment will suffice. Warm water compresses may also be continued. Tetanus vaccination must be within 5 years, and observation for the SIGNS OF INFECTION (mentioned above) will be important. Acetaminophen, aspirin, or anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen) can help reduce pain.

The above TREATMENT will also be effective for:

* PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR

* ANEMONES

* HYDROIDS

* STINGING FIRE CORAL


12 Hip Dislocation
12 Hip Fracture
12 Insect Stings and Spider Bites
12 Human and Animal Bites
12 Shoulder Injury Fracture
12 Toxic Inhalations and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
12 Facial Injury Jaw Fracture and Dislocation
12 Kidney Injury
12 Knee Injury General Considerations
12 Knee Injury Contusion
12 Knee Injury Fracture
12 Knee Injury Sprain
12 Stab Wounds
12 Leg Injury Fractures and Contusions
12 Leg Injury Shin Splints
12 Lightning Injury
12 Oral and Tongue Injuries
12 Nasal Fracture or Contusion
12 Neck Injury General Considerations
12 Neck Injury Fracture
12 Neck Injury Spinal Cord Injury
12 Pelvic Bone Fracture
12 Puncture Wounds
12 Chest Injury Rib Fracture
12 Back Injury Sacrococcygeal Injury
12 Scorpion Bites
12 Abrasion Injuries
12 Shoulder Injury Clavicle Fracture
12 Shoulder Injury Strains and Sprains
12 Snakebite
12 Neck Injury Spinal Cord Injury
12 Abdominal Injury Ruptured Spleen
12 Foot Injury Toe Fracture and Sprain
12 Vaginal or Vulvar Injury
12 Drowning and Near Drowning

INJURIES

Abdominal Injury
Abdominal Injury: Contusion
Abrasion
Amputations
Animal Bites
Ankle Fracture
Ankle Injury
Ankle Injury: Contusion
Ankle Sprain
Back Injury
Back Injury : Sacrococcygeal Injury
Back Strain
Burns
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Chemical Burns
Chest Injuries
Chest Injury: Aortic Rupture
Chest Injury: Hemothorax
Chest Injury: Myocardial Contusion
Chest Injury : Pneumothorax
Chest Injury: Pulmonary Contusion
Chronic Back Pain
Clavicle Fracture
Compression Fractures
Contusions
Decompression Sickness
Disc Disease
Gunshot Wounds
Hand Injury: Fingertip Amputations
Head Injury
Liver Injury
Marine Stings
Muscle Strains
Rib Fracture
Ruptured Spleen
Shoulder Injury: A-C Separation
Spider Bites
Spinal Cord Injury
Sternum Fracture
Testicular Injury
Wrist Injury
hi Scuba Related Injuries
i Hand Injury Finger Amputaion
de Lecerations
de Cold Injury and Hypothermia
dd Dental Injury
xs Facial Injury
sdf Neck Injury
e Shoulder Injury Dislocation
e Ear Injury
ed Elbow Injury
de Elbow Injury Fracture
dfe Elbow Injury Nursemaids
ee Electrical Injury
de Eye Injury
ed Facial Injury General Considerations
fr Facial Injury Contusion
ed Hand Injury Finger Sprains
ded Fingernail and Toenail Injuries
dd Hand Injury Fractures
23 Head Injury Skull Fracture and Concussion
44 Chest Injury Myocardial Contusion
fde Heat Illness
ed Hest Injury Hemothorax
y Back Injury Disc Disease
;l High Altitude Illness


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