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Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis, or phlebitis, is a nonserious condition that occurs secondarily to inflammation of a vein. It is the inflammation that results in the characteristic pain associated with this condition. Thrombophlebitis is more common in the lower extremities, but it can occur in the arms and hands, particularly after an intravenous line (or venipuncture from a blood draw) has recently been performed in that area. There are several conditions associated with increased risk of thrombophlebitis.
THROMBOPHLEBITIS RISK FACTORS
1. ADVANCED AGE
2. HISTORY FOR VARICOSE VEINS
3. PRIOR HISTORY FOR THROMBOPHLEBITIS
4. PRIOR IV OR BLOOD DRAW
5. TRAUMA WITH BRUISING TO AN AREA
6. PATIENTS RECEIVING CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS INTRAVENOUSLY
7. FEMALES WITH MASTECTOMY--can see increased risk of thrombophlebitis in the upper extremity on the affected side Common symptoms include pain, tenderness, warmth, and slight redness overlying a vein. The location most common to thrombophlebitis is along the inner aspect of the leg, where the main lower extremity veins travel. Thrombophlebitis can be confused with a bacterial infection of the skin known as cellulitis. Evaluation will include history and physical examination. In most cases the findings of the physical examination confirm the diagnosis. In cases of questionable skin infection, a complete blood count (CBC) may be performed. The white blood cell count is elevated when infection is present. Treatment includes application of warm, wet compresses to the site several times a day. Elevation of the site and rest will be emphasized. Anti-inflammatory agents (ibuprofen) or aspirin will be recommended. Swelling to the calf or the entire leg should raise concern over deep venous thrombosis. Close medical follow-up for thrombophlebitis is suggested.
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